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羊皮盒子

 

我思念的城市已是黄昏。

文章

NEW SPACE  (作者置顶)

- 作者: archiyang 2006年05月25日, 星期四 11:36  回复(0) |  引用(0) 加入博采

Curiosity

临近大学生涯的尾声,竟然发现我仍然对这个世界充满了好奇心。

- 作者: archiyang 2005年12月10日, 星期六 00:47  回复(0) |  引用(0) 加入博采

new boy
二十四年前的此时此刻。我呱呱坠地了。
谨以此纪念我坎坷并且快乐的成长。以及好朋友们温暖的祝福。
感谢爸爸妈妈。感谢所有帮助我。爱我的人。你们带给我快乐和力量。你们是我生命中的风景和氧气。
我喜欢朴树的一段歌词
让不成熟的都快成长吧
让成熟了的都快开放吧

- 作者: archiyang 2005年09月10日, 星期六 23:48  回复(3) |  引用(0) 加入博采

Forever Friends

Hold me like a friend
Kiss me like a friend
Say we'll never end
Searching for the colors of the rainbow
Melody never say good-bye
I'll believe you

Hold me like a friend
Kiss me like a friend
Say we'll never end
Searching for the colors of the rainbow
Melody never say good-bye
I'll believe you
Some people handle love and never try
I can almost fly with your wings to set me higher
One day we'll see the world
and through the grey have faith in our hands
Hold me like a friend
Kiss me like a friend
Say we'll never end
Searching for the colors of the rainbow
Melody never say good-bye
we'll always be best friends
Hold me like a friend
Kiss me like a friend
Say we'll never end
Searching for the colors of the rainbow
Melody never say good-bye
I'll believe you
When the river flows
Off to part us both
Only HEAVEN knows
I'll be a boat to sail arround you
Melody never say good-bye
I'll be near you

Some people handle love and never try
I can almost fly with your wings to set me higher
One day we'll see the world
and through the grey have faith in our hands
till the river ends……

- 作者: archiyang 2005年08月16日, 星期二 19:50  回复(0) |  引用(0) 加入博采

一半一半祭 为了迟到六年的失落感
  

- 作者: archiyang 2005年07月31日, 星期日 00:56  回复(0) |  引用(0) 加入博采

Goodbye To Romance
The melody Emerges, also the Poem;  then  the memories, also the tears.

Yesterday has been and gone
Tomorrow will I find the sun or will it rain
Everybody's having fun except me I'm the lonely one
I live in shame
Chorus:
I say goodbye to romance
Goodbye to friends
Goodbye to all the past
I guess that we'll meet, we'll meet in the end
I've been the king, I've been the clown
Still broken wings can't hold me down
I'm free again
The jester with a broken crown
It won't be me this time around to love in vain
Chorus...
And I feel the time is right although I know
That you just might say to me
What ya gonna do
What ya gonna do
Cause I have to take this chance
Goodbye to friends and true romance
And to all of you
And to all of you
Solo
Chorus...
And the weather's looking fine and I think the sun will shine again
And I feel I've cleared my mind all the past is left behind again
Chorus...

- 作者: archiyang 2005年07月26日, 星期二 16:59  回复(1) |  引用(0) 加入博采

Building, Designing, Thinking

From  Canadian Architect, April 2004

Building, Designing, Thinking

A survey of the ten schools of architecture demonstrates the state of research and the nature of projects in Canada today.

By Ian Chodikoff

Many architects regard their time in architecture school as a means to an end. Once out of school for a period of time, many practitioners become increasingly disinterested or unaware of the directions that architecture schools in Canada are taking. This is a shame. Across Canada, architecture schools today are learning to become more innovative in their collaborations and research. As we enter the summer months, with new graduates looking for work, it is important to understand that students and graduate architects are currently emerging from architecture schools with specialized skills that are of benefit to the architectural profession. New graduates are also well-versed in the potentiality of alternative career paths that will strengthen our profession's role as innovators.

Unlike the US, architecture schools in Canada tend not to be ranked into tiers. Rather, our ten schools can be differentiated by their competitive advantages relative to each other. It is the goal of this issue to look at the strengths and particularities that each school offers with the hope of providing insight into some of the new ways of thinking that will lead to more responsive and responsible built environments.

In just a few years, all ten schools of architecture in Canada have made significant changes in their curriculum and have undergone structural transitions through their undergraduate, professional and post-professional programs. While we initially set out to compare the academic streaming of all the schools, the structure of each of the undergraduate, professional and post-professional programs would involve too many qualifiers. Instead, we have chosen to identify the key strategies that the individual schools have chosen to develop, giving them their particular identity and building upon their competitive advantage. And while architecture schools have been busy ensuring that a baseline curriculum is achieved, each school has, to varying degrees, chosen to build upon either its pedagogical traditions (Carleton, McGill, University of Toronto) or upon its regional positioning (Waterloo, Manitoba, Laval, Dalhousie) through design studios, special programs and research. Some schools have worked toward expanding their international networks to accumulate their intellectual capital (Universit?de Montrl) and to improve collaborative and interdisciplinary approaches to theory, research and design. Finally, some schools (Calgary, UBC) have relied upon the individual research interests of their faculty members to benefit the school's program and overall identity. All of the schools share some of these traits. Schools are also becoming increasingly aware of their importance in nurturing specific areas of architectural discourse that are both regional and international in scope, that vary from the theoretical to the technical, and that run the gamut from craft and object-oriented building to issues of the contemporary city and urban design.

In addition to developing a basic architectural education that will allow them to work towards licensure if they so choose, graduate architects are emerging into the profession with specific skill sets and ambitions which include academic and practice-based research in sustainable design, urban design, areas of the visual arts, technology and manufacturing. And while the Co-op program at Waterloo is well recognized, most other schools are allowing students to make contact and gain experience with future employers while still enrolled in their respective programs, smoothing the transition from academic to professional life.

A special mention should be made of the awareness of sustainability issues in our architecture schools. Following up on a symposium held at the Universit?de Montrl in 2002 called Greening the Curriculum, students, faculty and practitioners from across Canada met to explore creative ways of introducing environmental and sustainability issues into architectural education. The organizational committee includes Ray Cole (UBC), Danny Pearl (Universit?de Montrl), Andr?Potvin (Universit?Laval) and Richard Kroeker (Dalhousie). This initiative has led to a variety of offerings that range from a studio taught by Patricia Patkau and Ray Cole to a design charrette relating to the Integrated Design Process (IDP). Students are benefiting from this concerted effort across the country to be proactive in the integration of high-level design thinking and current strategies in sustainability. Their latest projects will be displayed at the upcoming RAIC Festival in Quebec City in June.

Without exception, each school has begun to formulate a strategic approach to research and design that will produce more dynamic graduate architects and future leaders of the profession. We are about to witness a sea change in the way architecture is conceptualized and executed in Canada, from underlying social issues right through to methods of construction and fabrication. And while we will wait for architecture schools to produce not just competent, but increasingly provocative work,their engagement in an unprecedented level of interdisciplinary involvement will contribute to the changing role of architecture in the years to come.

Dalhousie University

Faculty of Architecture and Planning

School of Architecture

Dean: Grant Wanzel

Director: Steven Mannell

www.dal.ca/~arch/architecture/index.shtml

Both the School of Architecture and the School of Planning are located in the same building, with the university's architecture library located nearby. The School is fully equipped with ethernet connections throughout the studios, a woodworking shop and a large exhibition space. A metalworking shop is located in the adjacent Faculty of Engineering.

The approach to building and community is one of the School's primary strengths, and several courses are representative of its interests. In addition to Free Lab, Critical Installation, and Construction Lab, Community Studio focuses on regionally-based community-oriented projects that take advantage of the School's immediate context. Community outreach projects in places such as Cape Breton have enabled the integrated nature of Dalhousie's studios to situate themselves within the region using inspiring Maritime landscapes and Native cultures to provide a unique richness to the School's program. The Building Systems Interface course uses a studio-based approach to building technology that exposes students to the latest developments in sustainable building technology. The course requires collaborative design amongst students, and stresses creative problem-solving based on an understanding of the physical properties and behaviours of materials. The M1 Cities course awards six scholarships to students enabling them to travel to a specific city and carry out directed research, after which they return as teaching assistants for a course in urban morphology. For many years, Brian MacKay-Lyons has operated his Ghost Lab series. This two-week summer design-build program offers internships for students, faculty and practitioners, and takes place on the ruins of a 400-year old village at the MacKay-Lyons farm on the Nova Scotia coast. Landscape is a principal source of content in the work of MacKay-Lyons and the projects are seen as a means of interpreting this cultural ecology.

Although the regional student body comprises approximately 30% of the student population, the strength of the School's hands-on, regional and integrated approach to design attracts a dynamic international student body. This can be seen in the steady rise in enrollment of students from the US, the Caribbean and more recently, The Gambia and Botswana.

In the late 1980s, the Faculty assumed responsibility for Tuns Press, the only publication that is dedicated to producing books on architecture in Canada. Both emerging and more established architects are featured in the series. Although controlled by the Dean's office, Tuns Press operates at arm's length from the activities of the school.

Universite Laval

ole d'architecture

Director: ilien Vachon

www.arc.ulaval.ca

A student population of 35,000 enables the Universit?Laval to offer extensive facilities that its students can use to complement their research and/or studio projects. Located in the heart of Old Quebec in a 17th-century seminary, the School of Architecture offers a rich physical and cultural environment.

The School is quite explicit that the Masters program aims at developing social responsibility and an ethical basis for future professional activities through the provision of reflective and analytical tools, participatory design methods and research-based design. The post-professional program offered at Laval is the Master of Science program that involves research geared toward both academia and practice. A PhD program is in the process of being approved by the University.

Overall, the School offers an approach to learning that is conscious of its design and research facilities. Because Laval is home to many research groups, faculty and students work in collaboration on such initiatives as environmental control systems, planning, suburbs, or population densities in Hanoi.

A number of special activities and programs are offered by Laval to enrich the experience of its students. Students and faculty are encouraged to work with both developing countries abroad and local native communities. For instance, undergraduate students are encouraged to study abroad through the university's International Profile. This program depends on reciprocal agreements, which means the School plays host to a contingent of foreign students as large as the one it sends to partner institutions in France, Mexico, Switzerland, Denmark, Lebanon, and Vietnam. Both Laval and the Universit?de Montrl offer its students opportunities to gain access to design cultures on an international level that cannot be accessed by the other anglophone schools.

A conference series is offered every semester with the participation of architects from Canada, the US and Europe. Lunch series are held to encourage debate and exchange between students and local practitioners. Students present papers at local, national and international conferences and are encouraged to participate with existing research teams working in Quebec, Mexico and Vietnam. Studio work is often based on real community projects, competitions and/or research projects.

The fully renovated School is equipped with the latest computer technology, providing every studio workstation with high-speed network capabilities and software. Students also have access to various types of laboratories, a model workshop, and a construction and materials electronic library. The high degree of student participation and involvement in the School is evidenced by the presence of both undergraduate and graduate student organizations in the School of Architecture, and a student-run publication called La Charrette (www.lacharrette.tk).

Universite De Montreal

School of Architecture

Director: Georges Adamczyk

www.arc.umontreal.ca/

The Universit?de Montrl takes advantage of a larger network of design schools in the Montreal area. With McGill, Universit?du Quec ?Montrl (UQAM), the building science group at Concordia and the activities of the Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA) all in one city, Universit?de Montrl is very conscious of the need to collaborate across many institutions and disciplines. The architecture school is part of the planning faculty that has 56 faculty members in architecture, urbanism, landscape architecture and industrial design. The architecture program has just over 15 full-time faculty members and 15 professors teaching urbanism. The School's 350 professional students and 50 post-professional students make it one of the largest student bodies in the country.

Aspects of aesthetics and its various implications are integrated into discussions at the School in the context of production, sustainability and cultural reasoning. Students are encouraged to recognize the importance of advancing design decisions that demonstrate their ability to discern what the public wants and needs. Director Georges Adamczyk mentions Jean Prouv?to remind us of the need to think critically in both academic and professional environments. There are no technical answers to technical problems, but there are technical solutions to architectural challenges. The School has high standards in both technology and design.

While the School has pursued extremely strong connections with the European schools, it must also prepare its students for professional careers within North America. The architectural network at the School is perhaps the most extensive in Canada, and is heavily involved with several international institutions. This network extends to encompass issues of computational design, research on the City of Montreal, heritage conservation, project management, competitions, sustainability issues, and rapid prototyping. There are other research facilities that operate outside of the faculty whose involvement ranges from urban development to lighting strategies.

Fundamentally, the School is recognizing the value of research within particular disciplines such as history, theory, and issues of contemporary practice. For example, the curriculum devoted to heritage conservation utilizes a well-established methodology focusing on both technical and historical modes of research. The School remains progressive in its approach through the adoption and promotion of green building design practices and the Integrated Design Process (IDP), an active movement in Europe that relates to sustainability, building design and construction. The IDP maintains a significant presence at the School and is gaining momentum at other schools in Canada such as UBC, Laval and Dalhousie.

McGill University

School of Architecture

Director: David Covo

www.mcgill.ca/architecture

McGill could be described as an institution where individual approaches of the faculty are reflected in the dynamic of the various programs that are offered at the School. Overall, faculty members are in discussion with one another to breed strength of purpose to their individual areas of research. Under Director David Covo's leadership, McGill has strengthened its design-build programs and has worked at fortifying its design rigour and academic research. In addition to a PhD program focusing on housing, the Director of the Graduate Program, Alberto Pez-Gez, has built up the PhD program concentration in History and Theory, which is one of the leading PhD-level programs in North America. The School has maintained and strengthened its traditions that include critical approaches to architectural history and theory. Like many schools in Canada and the US, McGill has adopted a two-tiered professional program comprising both a professional and post-professional segment. Its undergraduate program and PhD programs serve to balance the core professional course of study that continues its tradition in Canada's second-oldest architecture program.

McGill has a strong history of publishing student work in its annual catalogues, in addition to its publication of The Fifth Column (The Canadian Student Journal of Architecture) and a series entitled CHORA: Intervals in the Philosophy of Architecture. McGill's research facilities continue to explore affordable housing, issues of domesticity, and technological factors affecting housing and construction. Working within the Montreal context has allowed these and other research initiatives at the School to take root.

The School continues to promote areas of related visual thinking such as film and photography. Using the visual resources and equipment at the School, much of the work and research at McGill has been done with other departments such as Urban Planning, Art History, Communication Studies, Social Work, Occupational Therapy and Mechanical Engineering. Its position in Montreal has also allowed it to increasingly share knowledge with Concordia, the Universit?du Quec ?Montrl (UQAM) and the Universit?de Montrl.

McGill plans to eventually develop a third PhD option in Cultural Landscapes to attract students whose areas of expertise fall between History/Theory and Housing. The program's use of the term "landscape" means "the interaction of people and place," and its multidisciplinary approach will look at the ordinary, everyday built environment, often described as "vernacular." In this context, cultural landscapes include all forms of architecture, which to paraphrase Nikolaus Pevsner, can range from a Gothic cathedral to a bicycle shed. This new program will draw from a number of interdisciplinary centres in and around Montreal.

Carleton University

School of Architecture

Director: Gulzar Haider

Associate Director: Stephen Fai

www.arch.carleton.ca

Carleton University builds its program on the idea that craft, media arts, and thinking through building and drawing are essential components to learning. Intense design studios stress the importance of communicating ideas visually, textually, and orally through public presentations.

The School seems quite open to the fact that a foundation in architecture can offer the student a career in management, multi-media communications, journalism, conservation, community advocacy, and public policy--all strong assets of the university in general. The School's location in the Nation's Capital enables it to access agencies such as the National Research Council, the National Arts Centre, the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, the National Capital Commission, the National Gallery of Canada, the Canadian Museums of Civilization, Science and Technology, Aviation, and Contemporary Photography.

The School's impressive facilities include extensive fabrication facilities for woodworking, metal machining and welding, an assembly room for full-scale projects, a 12-station darkroom, a photographic studio, video editing suites, a technical library and reading room and finally, an electronic resource centre. Along with its interdisciplinary partners, the School recently received a $28M Canada Foundation Innovation Award which will be used toward a new facility for advanced studies in visualization and simulation.

The School's program offerings are varied. Design-build studios enable students to construct a building or at least full-scale details of their designs. A mentor program places students in architectural offices for credit, and a summer Design Clinic teaches students to run their own architectural practice. Also offered is a unique series of workshop courses on topics ranging from stage design to real estate development.

The Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS) officially opened in 2002. The work of CIMS includes architectural research, urban design, heritage preservation, archaeology and building technologies. CIMS hopes that culturally based research activities will push technological innovation into realistic applications in applied and research-driven developments. CIMS will strengthen the School's existing curricula and will facilitate multidisciplinary collaborations between researchers in Cultural Mediations, Systems/Computer Engineering, Information Technology, Industrial Design, Film Studies, Music, Heritage Conservation and Geography. Carleton also hopes to create an Organized Research Unit (ORU) to develop new technologies and expertise in 3D and real-time visualization, simulation and immersive technologies.

Since 1996, Carleton has offered two post-professional degrees specializing in Design and Culture, and Design and Technology. The School has also developed a Bachelor of Information Technology program which is web-based and digital in approach, allowing the School to examine the notion of craft through yet another lens.

University of Toronto

Faculty of Architecture Landscape and Design

Dean: Larry Wayne Richards

www.ald.utoronto.ca

The Faculty of Architecture Landscape and Design at the University of Toronto, most recently branded as al&d, offers undergraduate and professional degrees in Architecture and Landscape Architecture. It has also recently added a post-professional program in Urban Design. As of July 1, directorship of al&d will transition from Larry Richards to colleague George Baird, who has a long history with al&d and with architectural theory and practice in Canada and abroad.

The school has recently attracted a bevy of young and ambitious faculty members who are committed to their respective interests. al&d encourages an overlap of the three professional and post-professional degree programs of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design that is meant to improve and intensify the student's training and exposure to core and allied disciplines. Course offerings have been augmented in the areas of history, theory and criticism. By increasing its links with philosophy and visual arts, al&d hopes to further improve its connections with theoretical research in addition to its more applied directions in the areas of urban design.

A renewed focus on the object and the artifact within the professional programs manifests itself in the inclusion of industrial design, furniture design, graphic design, and set design for film, television and theatre. Issues of material such as plastics and felt are examples of the architectural design processes that are being examined at the school. Through a Canadian Foundation grant, the school was able to secure new equipment for CNC rapid prototyping, laser cutting and vacuum forming. The cross-pollination from the various design disciplines provides fertile ground for cultivating the development and maturation of new projects inside the school.

Other cross-disciplinary units operate in the university, such as the Knowledge Media Design Institute (KMDI) in the School of Graduate Studies which is dedicated to research and graduate education in all aspects of knowledge media design. KMDI is the first institute of its kind in Canada with more than 60 faculty from 20 academic disciplines. The Global Architecture program at al&d has also expanded; summer programs in Barcelona and the Netherlands were offered in 2003. A new connection has been established with the Department of Engineering on sustainability issues, creating a potential for cross-disciplinary opportunities within the University of Toronto as a whole.

During Richards' tenure, the school has made efforts to improve its public image through endeavours such as the construction of the new Shore+Moffat Library and the Eric Arthur Gallery. The School seems poised to address the evolving nature of the construction industry in relation to the functions of the architect. Digital technologies, methods of construction and changes in design collaboration are being anticipated at al&d.

University of Waterloo

School of Architecture

Director: Eric Haldenby

www.fes.uwaterloo.ca/architecture/

In September 2004, the School of Architecture at Waterloo will move to its new location in downtown Cambridge, allowing it to connect with the community at large. The School will be able to triple its current space with new design studios, labs and classrooms. It will also include a new design and resource library, exhibition galleries, and a public auditorium. By being in a more civic location, the School can assume a leadership role in the community and the region through increased public exposure and through its development as a research hub. The public ground floor of the facility will be filled with shops and restaurants, while the Cambridge Art Gallery has leased a wing of the building with the promise of collaborative exhibitions throughout the year.

Revamping the professional program has resulted in the standard of research being augmented. Front-end loading the requirements has increased students' flexibility to conduct more specialized research. With these recent changes at the School, graduates are emerging into the profession with a solid understanding of how an architectural office functions and with the ability to act as innovative agents of change.

The School is continuing its involvement with various research facilities at the University of Waterloo. The Waterloo Community University Research Alliance (CURA) was founded in 2001 to support research projects jointly developed and undertaken by university-based researchers and organizations from the community. CURA involves over 40 projects, many of which relate to planning and design processes relevant to the School's research. The School has introduced a new Centre for Core Area Research and Design (CCARD) which is involved with everything from brownfield remediation to sophisticated computer simulations of rapid transit corridors. The CCARD is also involved in an elaborate set of intensification principles, view corridor improvements, various mapping exercises and safety audits.

Research activities with the Centre for Building Science (CBS) examine design and technology and the building management program at nearby Conestoga College may also offer another potential connection for the School. Faculty members continue to work toward strengthening the School's approach to sustainable design and sensible architecture. The School even offers an elective course for students to participate directly with the activities of Habitat for Humanity, an independent charitable housing program dedicated to the elimination of poverty housing by building homes in partnership with families in need. Students must complete a minimum of 11 shifts during a two-week construction period.

Waterloo continues to integrate courses within the studio environment, and its design-build approach is reflected in the promotion of hands-on experience in testing design construction and methodology. The School maintains an international profile with such examples as its Rome Program, established in 1979. There are also initiatives to integrate film and media through all aspects of study from structures to history. Because of the work-study sequence, the school operates year-round which contributes to a rather unique student life at the School since the entire student body is never present at one time.

University of Manitoba

Department of Architecture

Head: Professor Ian Macdonald

www.umanitoba.ca/architecture/

One of the oldest architecture schools in Canada, the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Manitoba offers four graduate degree programs in architecture, city planning, landscape architecture and interior design, all of which follow a comprehensive undergraduate Environmental Design program. The focus on teaching, research and design excellence is evident in the various programs and facilities in existence. The approaches to studio learning take their cues from the regional aspect of the Prairies, giving the school a strong sense of place.

The Centre for Architectural Structures and Technology (CAST) is a unique research and teaching laboratory dedicated to the exploration of new ideas and methods for the design and construction of architecture. Current research is centred on flexible fabric formworks for concrete structures. (See CA, November 2003, p. 54). The Centre for Architectural Product Design (CAPD) is a growing area of research and development that furthers the Faculty's interdisciplinary agenda, and increases the connection to the design industry. The Partners Program is an award-winning program linking students and faculty to the community, industry, and to design professionals. This partnership ensures the successful implementation of new initiatives that are of benefit to the school, the design professions and the community at large.

The presence of fully-equipped in-house audio-visual facilities and CADLAB (Computer Aided Design Laboratory) reinforces the emphasis on video and digital media, which permeates all aspects of the program. Students are seen roaming the school working with video and interactive media.

One of the manifestations of a conscious desire to increase the international focus within the Faculty is the current exhibition entitled Structuring Emptiness: Modernity in Korean Architecture. Additionally, the School has embarked on studios and student exchanges in South Korea. An equally important focus on regional concerns can be found in the Winnipeg Project, an exhibition documenting ongoing research on the city's urbanism. Furthermore, collaborative initiatives outside of Winnipeg are being explored with First Nations, other regional universities and international institutions.

The continued growth and success of the Faculty is represented by the achievements of its faculty, students and staff. For the second consecutive year, a University of Manitoba student was awarded the Canadian Architect Student Award of Excellence.

Six faculty positions are to be filled in the next year, and upcoming initiatives include the Building Envelope Replacement Project, which will substantially improve the Faculty's current facility in the John A. Russell Building. As the first purpose-built school of architecture in Canada, the building's design reflects the teaching philosophy of the school which emphasizes communication amongst faculty and students. The design of the school promotes important social interactions and the teaching of ideas through its lecture theatres, lounges, studio layouts, workshops and exhibition spaces.

University of Calgary

Faculty of Environmental Design (EVDS)

Architecture Program

Dean: Brian R. Sinclair

Director: Graham Livesey

www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/faculties/EV/programs/arch/

Founded in 1971, the Architecture program at the University of Calgary is housed within the interdisciplinary graduate Faculty of Environmental Design (EVDS). As the smallest and youngest of the 10 schools, Calgary accepts roughly 22 applicants per year for the Master's program. As a result, it has one of the most stringent admission requirements in the country. Post-professional programs involving urban and sustainable design concentrations are also offered, as is an EVDS PhD program.

Areas of interest include sustainable design, architecture and the contemporary city, and professional practice. The nature of rapid growth and urbanism is a particularly germane discussion in Calgary, a city whose explosive development has allowed a number of young practices to emerge. And as many faculty members are also active practitioners, the traditional animosity between theory and practice is dissipating.

In addition to guest critics, visiting instructors and field trips, there are exchange programs with the School of Architecture in Ahmedabad, India and with the School of Architecture at Laval University. Also, all EVDS students have the option of completing a third-year study-abroad term in Barcelona. The Lecture Series includes the Gillmor Visiting Lectureship, Sommerville Visiting Lectureship and the Annual CAUSA Lecture Series.

A job placement program emphasizes networking opportunities between the students and the Alberta architecture community, resulting in a very high success rate of recent graduates finding employment. The Buildings Career Development Program (BCDP) has been implemented to provide students with work experience in architecture and related fields. BCDP also provides mentorship and career awareness programs about opportunities in building infrastructure directed towards students in Alberta's post-secondary schools.

Resources include: computer labs, CNC milling machines, a designated workshop and access to the University of Calgary Engineering Stores. A nationally recognized, well-funded library collection in all relevant topic areas is available to the students, along with an Urban Design Lab and a separate Resource Centre for students within the Faculty.

Professor Marc Boutin coordinates insitu, an annual journal published by the Architecture Program. Its mandate is to publish ideas that communicate to the broader design community the scholarly endeavours of students and faculty engaged in the study of architecture at the University of Calgary. The University of Calgary Press is taking a renewed interest in architecture and has recently published a book on emerging architectural practices across the country.

University of British Columbia

School of Architecture

Director: Christopher Macdonald

www.arch.ubc.ca/

UBC has had a long-standing approach to architecture that involves the mediation of influences from Eastern and Western cultures in addition to issues related to local planning. The main aspects of the school include community advocacy, design-build initiatives, entrenching the digital media culture in the curriculum, and the promotion and integration of sustainable issues in architecture.

Vancouver continues to provide the School with a laboratory for urban and architectural design explorations. An ongoing partnership has been initiated with community leaders and the City of Vancouver in studying various concerns related to the renewal of downtown's Historic Chinatown. This work has contributed to the Centre for Community Research and Design, a newly formed component of the School that will continue its tradition of community advocacy.

The capabilities of digital media for distance collaboration are continuing to be explored, as are emerging production techniques such as CNC rapid prototyping, an aspect to architecture schools that is increasingly becoming de rigueur.

As a key partner in the national Greening the Curriculum project, Professors Ray Cole and Patricia Patkau recently conducted an advanced design studio challenging conventional expectations concerning both material and social attributes relating to sustainability issues. Cole's significant engagements with environmental policy formation continues and students in his advanced environmental topics seminars gain their LEED certification as a matter of course, entering the professional workforce with a demonstrated expertise in conjunction with their conceptual training.

Now in its second year of operation is the new undergraduate program, the Bachelor of Environmental Design (BEnD), a 4-year degree offered jointly by the Landscape Architecture Program and the School of Architecture. The program provides an interdisciplinary degree predicated on issues of sustainability, cultural theory, global information systems, technology of materials, visual culture and environmental art. The post-professional program offered at UBC is known as Master of Advanced Studies (MASA) and involves independent research studies that are closely aligned with the faculty. While a PhD program is not offered at the School, it is possible to use the MASA program as a form of pre-doctoral studies at UBC, leading to a PhD program in interdisciplinary studies.

In collaboration with UBC's Department of Wood Science and the University's Malcolm Knapp Research Forest, the School has begun an ongoing series of projects that will enable students to participate in the complete cycle of production, which includes consultative design, selection of forest material, preparation of construction documents and actual building. As part of the School's Studies Abroad program, students spend a term ensconced in the dense urban fabric of Tokyo, allowing the School to enhance its position as Canada's only architecture school situated on the Pacific Rim.

 

- 作者: archiyang 2005年07月23日, 星期六 21:37  回复(0) |  引用(0) 加入博采

《铁西区》:历史与阶级意识
          作者:吕新雨 

     “我们想创造一个世界,但最终这个世界崩溃了。”
    
     ——纪录片《铁西区》导演王兵

    
    
     看过纪录片《铁西区》的人都会对那一开始的运动长镜头印象深刻。随着火车缓缓进入,视野中展开的是一片白雪覆盖的荒芜的厂房,在冥暗的灰色天空下,一些活动的身影如同幽灵,仿佛我们进入到了另一个世界,一个业已毁灭的世界:工业文明的废墟。长达三分钟的长镜头以一种仪式般的方式赋予我们一种进入,对历史的进入。
    
     铁西区位于辽宁省沈阳市,是中国历史最长、规模最大的机械加工业基地和基建配套工业基地,其主体是国有企业,也是社会主义计划经济在今天的最后堡垒。铁西区的历史可以追溯到1934年日本侵华期间,它为日军生产武器装备及为大型军工企业提供机械配套设备,南宅北厂的格局就是在日本人期间形成的,2003年拆迁的很多工人的住宅还是在原日本人住房的基础上改建的。新中国建立以后,苏联将二战期间从德国拆除的设备整修后,作为著名的156项投资项目援华,其中大部分安装在这里,因为有靠近苏联的地缘条件和日本人建立的工业基础,所以它也成为计划经济管理体制实施最早和苏联模式实施最彻底的地区,今天辽宁的国有资产比重仍达75%。在改革开放之前,东北的工业一直是中国工业的脊梁,是社会主义现代化的发动机,直到八十年代初,在铁西区一带工厂就业的工人数量依然达到顶峰,约有100万左右。改革开放以后,中国现代化的发展路径从依赖计划经济转向依赖市场经济,整个国家改革开放的战略历史是:八十年代重点发展珠江三角洲,九十年代重点发展上海浦东。当中国的南方已经进入市场经济时代,东北还处于指令性计划时代,钢材、机械产品高比例平价调出,而财政高额上交,——不是三十年而是五十年的共和国的计划经济在为二十年的市场经济承担成本和代价。正是在九十年代初期,铁西区部分国营企业开始出现亏损 ,到1999年末大部分工厂陆续停产。2002年中共十六大开始重视东北老工业区的振兴,希望通过推进市场化改制,使东北的国有企业实现技术密集与资本密集的现代企业制度的转型。但是资本密集型的重工业发展所需要的资本,中央政府却不再或无力承担,这意味着国家把这种“振兴”其实建立在对外资的期望和依赖上。在这个国家决策的背后是中国目前总体工业装备已经形成进口依赖,社会固定设备投资的三分之二已经依赖进口,东北的石油、煤等矿物资源严重枯竭,仅辽宁的失业工人就已经达到了250万,工潮此起彼伏。就业成为这个社会市场经济体制转换中最痛的问题,它关联着中国现代化过程中的工人阶级及其命运。
    
     当王兵单枪匹马用一台小的DV摄影机进入铁西区的时候,正是1999年末。他拍摄的最重要的一个工厂是沈阳冶炼厂,它建于1934年伪满时期,到今天依然是铁西区最有名的工厂。它有三个很高的烟囱,一个是日本人建的,另两个是在六十年代计划经济发展到巅峰的时候兴建的,在王兵看来,这三个烟囱的历史和形象代表着这个区,也代表着沈阳,是东北工业的一个象征。还有两个重点拍摄的工厂是沈阳轧钢厂和电缆厂。电缆厂生产的输变电系统是中国解放以后独有的,在八十年代之前,沈阳电缆厂是中国重要的输变电系统工厂。而沈阳轧钢厂和当时的铁西区的一些工厂一样在等待破产,其实已经处于被废弃的状态。王兵拍摄的时候冶炼厂的生产还很正常,1999年春节过后破败的迹象才显露出来,但当时谁也不知道冶炼厂会不会倒闭,后来这个工厂终于倒闭了,王兵正好拍了下这个历程。有一次拍到一个车间要停产,一位工人躺在凳子上谈他个人的经历,从上小学开始一直到上山下乡,他在讲述自己生命的过程,他和社会的关系,他怎幺理解自己。但是他没有意识到,仅仅是十分钟之后,他命运的改变就开始了,一个人走了进来告诉他工厂停产了。王兵觉得他拍摄到的那个时刻特别重要,拍摄的时候它是未知的,摄影机和这位工人共同度过了那一刻,王兵对它记忆深刻。因为摄影机的见证,这个时刻在时空中凝固,不再消逝。
    
     六十年代后期出生的导演王兵对《铁西区》的解释是:
    
     “我们想创造一个世界,但最终这个世界崩溃了。我拍的是一个主流人群的生活,他们和社会的关系,他们自己生命的印迹。如果把过去几十年的东西拿过来和我的片子放在一起看,你就会看到这几十年这个国家的人在做什幺事情,就会看到那个时代人的理想是什幺,最后他们的理想实现了没有。这是一个特别重要的问题,同时也可以界定出以后我们应该怎幺活。”
    
     这里的“主流人群”就是中国的工人阶级。第三世界社会主义国家的工人阶级及其历史不同于发达资本主义国家的工人阶级及其历史,这个不同正是我们需要给予阐释的。第三世界的社会主义革命和现代化的实践到底意味着什幺?这已经是无法回避的迫切问题,它将界定出我们的自我理解,但这个自我理解的过程却将注定在各种不同力量的争斗中艰难展开。这是纪录片《铁西区》让我们看到的最重要的意义。
    
    
     《工厂》/“锈带”(Rust)
    
    
     “工业——只要它是制定了目标的——在根本的意义上,在辩证的和历史的意义上,仅仅是社会的自然规律的客体,而不是其主体。”
    
     ——卢卡奇《历史与阶级意识》
    
    
     “工厂就是我的主人公”。
    
     ——王兵

    
    
     纪录片《铁西区》的第一部是《工厂》,它的英文很有意味地被翻译为“锈带”(Rust),中国的工业被放在了西方工业的历史谱系中指认和拼接,它一方面提醒的是:中国的工业史其实离不开与西方工业史之间的关涉,工业化的过程是总体的世界历史;另一方面也暗示了一个西方工业文明历史进化图谱的先在与合法,今天的铁西区不过是七、八十年代美国中西部传统工业锈带区和德国传统工业鲁尔区衰落的重演,是共同的历史理性在不同的时间、空间的展开,我们并没有可能逃脱这个法则的强制。工业在辩证的和历史的意义上是社会的自然规律的客体,卢卡奇如是说。
    
     正是在这个客体的意义上,王兵展开了他对工厂的主结构的叙述:工厂就是我的主人公,是我影片的命运,它的发展、延续,经过怎样一个过程,是最重要的东西。在王兵的影片中,作为存在客体的工厂开始获得主体性的意义,因此《工厂》并没有传统影片叙述中贯穿始终的人物和情节,冶炼、轧钢、电缆,这三个建于1934年的工厂是影片的主角,生产流程是影片的主要情节。影片对工厂作了极其详细的辨认、推理与论证,观察、进入、选择、递进、平衡、实现,《工厂》是《铁西区》三部曲中结构最复杂的一部论文。《工厂》严密地按照工厂的操作流程来进行,整个影片结构按照工序来剪辑。先是电解铜的粗炼,然后通过进料口转到下一个大的工序:电解铜;返回到粗炼,旋转、精炼,把铜叙述完,进入到对于铅的叙述;从车间里几个人在焊东西,到铅楼,铅的操作新厂,然后进入工人的休息室,把铅叙述完离开这个工厂。再转到对电缆厂的叙述,并回到原来没有叙述的从铅电解到铅铸型的过程,再回到铅楼。这是一个过程,影片的前两个小时结束。后面进入对工厂进入停顿状态的描述,先回到铜,铜叙述一半以后,跳到锌,把锌叙述完的时候,这个锌车间就要停工了,等再回到铜的时候,铜的工序也停了,最后回到影片开始时的电解铜,它是整个工厂最后一个停工的。空的厂房,几个人在洗澡,整个工厂都完了,而这是曾经是有人在生活的,——铜的叙述结束,接着去结束对铅的叙述,冶炼厂关闭,工人们到30公里外的疗养院做最后一次疗养去排除身体里的铅,一个工人掉到水塘里淹死了;然后回到原来的电缆厂,电缆厂因交不起采暖费被迫让留守人员放长假,工厂办公室内的冰冻结了半米多厚,大家在冻得冰冷的厂房里铲冰;最后叙述空的轧钢厂怎幺被拆掉。影片结束的时候回到影片开始时在冶炼厂铜冶炼车间工人休息室理发的工人,跟他回家,从他那里进入对火车的叙述:火车移动在工厂区的空旷的雪野中,——这样,影片又一层一层地回到叙述开始的地方,再一层一层地结束,从而完成了一个叙述的循环,这也是工厂生产的循环和工厂生命的循环,而这个循环是以自我封闭来结束的,循环被静止了,工厂倒闭了。对于王兵,“工厂,它的庞大和质感都有一种吸引力,感觉就像一个人过去的理想”。现在,工厂成为理想的废墟。
    
     在《工厂》的叙述循环中,王兵认为它的各个单元都是环环相扣的,每一个叙述单元都是多元素的,既是对生产工序的叙述,又是对事件的叙述:工厂从正常运作到停产,同时也是对影片中的工人及其心境的叙述。每一个观众都可以从当中看到他所需要的,一个过去工厂的工人会看到的他曾熟悉的完整的工厂。研究工业的人可以看到全部的工业流程,从矿料开始到最后的产品。而在所有的叙述中一直贯穿的副结构线索是关于人:工人,他们的工作与生活。
    
     《工厂》中的工人是影片叙述的重要元素,却不是主角,而是配角。我们看到工厂有它自己的生命节律,钢铁的机器、冶炼炉、传送带、吊车,它们巨人般自动地移动、上升、轰鸣,既怪诞又神秘,庞大的体积把人压迫得渺小而微不足道。工人似乎不过是巨大的机器客体性的附庸,——影片要探讨的正是工人与工厂的关系,他们的个人生活与每天面对的这些一道道工业流程的关系,在日常生活和工作中最外部的质感所裸露出的生活的真相。工人们在休息室听着收音机讲着股份制改革,讨论他们的下岗、工资和养老金的问题,聊天、打牌、吃饭、洗澡、打架、骂粗话、讲荤段子、看色情电影,休息室是他们的工作与日常生活衔接与交界的地带。王兵想表达在一个特定国家在特定的社会时期所形成的一种特定的生活关系:工人的生活方式,他们生活的细节,他们的爱好,比如在同样的澡池里洗澡,穿同样的衣服,用一样的饭盒,做一样的事情,谈一样的话题,----他们都是面目不清的无名的存在,群体的存在,被客体化的存在。这些人群构成了一个整体的命运,并形成为影片另一个重要的复调结构,与关于工厂的叙述主结构对比和呼应,他们看上去碎屑、无聊的碎片般的生活被影片的结构整合为宏大的总体描述:关于工厂的概念和人的生活的各个因素的对比,个人的命运被淹没在总体的历史趋势中,这种整体的历史感和命运感,在影片里有非常确定的表达。影片中让人震惊的是反复铺陈的洗澡情境,不同的工人们以同样麻木的神情在镜头前裸露他们的肉体,肉体被还原为一种客体的存在,被暴露的生殖器表现的却是肉体的去势,身体的裸露与否已经不构成对文明的定义,文明和欲望一起消失,剩下的只是被强大的工厂机器所阉割的无能的肉体,以及不能被肉体实现的本能:他们毫无表情地坐在电视机前,屏幕上播放的是肉欲的赤裸裸的三级片的录像带,肉体成为“物”和“他者”的存在。
    
     王兵说一个作者最初的作品对世界都是很敏感的,原因在于他对世界是陌生的,有很多东西,他需要去辨别和认识。安东尼奥尼《红色沙漠》中的工厂和机器的美学意象,曾启发过王兵,那个藏在女主人公心中巨大而无名的恐惧,是这个工业文明的世界中驱逐不掉的幽灵。王兵认为自己在《工厂》中要表达的其实就是一种敏感和情感,在三部曲中,这是最敏感、最直觉的一部,而结构正是情感的方式和表达,结构本身是为了展示情感,它在情感的展示中变化,情感有它自己的准确性。所以,他对工厂的描述其实是“意象性”的 ,在视觉的隐喻和象征中,有一种茫然和绝望的情感,就好象一个人在巨大而空旷的工厂里正走着,吊车呜地升空起来,那种声音让你觉得似乎走在一个恐惧的山谷里,忽然哪里发出一种奇怪的鸟叫,让人感到惊觫。
    
     在世界历史巨大的客体性面前,惊觫或许是人类获救的起点?
    
     对于人类的历史来说,工业的出现究竟意味着什么?工业革命的秘密在于人类的财富从此不再依赖土地与劳动力相结合的传统农业和手工业生产方式,——它是以可再生的自然资源:有机肥料、劳动力、太阳能、风能、水能和牲畜能为前提的。工业革命以后的人类现代化都是以地球上不可再生的矿物资源为财富的来源。资本主义的法术是对自然的剥夺和异化,在这个过程中,人也是自然的一部分,资本对人的剥夺与它对一座矿山的剥夺并没有区别。当马克思说,资本不是物,而是以物为媒介的人与人的社会关系,他的确深刻地指出了资本以社会异化的方式对人的奴役。但是当《资本论》把劳动力作为唯一的价值来源的时候,劳动力获得的其实是高于自然的地位,——这是启蒙思想的前提,人与自然已经疏离,由此资本对人/物的奴役和剥夺的深层结构被遮蔽了,即:资本对劳动力的奴役与它对所有自然力的奴役是同一个结构过程,劳动力不过是自然力的一种形式,对劳动力的征服是把农民从土地上剥离出来,就如同把矿物从石头里开采出来,——都是对自然力的征服。马克思在他的时代观察到了资本依赖对人的劳动力的奴役来完成资本主义原始积累,于是他给了劳动力高于自然力的地位,这也是因为黑格尔主义的历史辩证法对历史动力的主体需求预设了工人阶级的历史主体地位。但是工人阶级与最先进生产力的结合却并没有因此得到保证与实现,当代工人阶级的命运恰恰是被最先进的生产力所排斥,资本密集与技术密集替代了劳动力,科学技术成了生产力,而雇佣劳动却成了被排斥的对象,因为科学技术证明了是机器,而不是人,可以更快地使资本增值。科学和技术以加速消耗世界能源和自然资源的方式,把自然力转化为生产资料和资本,生产力就是把自然资源转化为资本的能力,而代价则是整个地球生态的严重危机。这正是为什幺最早的工人运动都是以捣毁机器为开端的,对机器的仇视正是因为资本对人的排斥,机器是非人的,当机器占据了人的位置,人就变成了物,世界就无可避免地物化了,工人对机器的反抗是对资本把人“物”化的反抗。因为机器不需要维持劳动力再生产的必要劳动时间,当机器从工业革命中获得了第一推动力,开始越来越快地把自然资源转换为作为商品的资本,作为工具的人就不重要了,因为资本并不需要为地球上的煤、石油和所有其它矿物资源的巨大消耗承受自然力再生产的成本,这样机器就成为工业文明的永动机。当商品对于资本最重要的价值就是剩余价值的实现,就是尽快被消耗掉,资本的增值过程就意味着地球上属于全体人类的自然资源被转化为(私人)资本的过程,这个“物”的资本化过程正是当代资本主义的最大秘密。
    
     当古典政治经济学向现代经济学转型的时候,最重要的变化就是“物”的消失,边际效应理论作为现代经济学分析范式的出现,它强调的是主观因素对经济运动过程的影响,人的欲望及其满足成为分析的出发点,消费、分配、价格、市场等等成为理论的核心,资本似乎失去了它的物质属性,现代经济学完成了对资本物质性的遮蔽,成为讨论边际效应的心理学,经济从研究作为物质存在的社会存在转为研究社会心理,注意力成为经济问题,而自然/社会的生态则不是经济问题。资本主义的知识体系不能揭示而是遮蔽了自然的物化与资本的关系,所以后现代主义理论终于把消费社会理解为一个符号的社会,消费社会的商品来源被遮蔽了,符号成为不及物的存在,物质隐身了,只剩下符号,马克思主义的政治经济学蜕变为符码的政治经济学,理论与物质、历史的关系断裂了。在这样符码的政治经济学中,后现代主义成为资本的合法性的论证,总体的真理性被否定了,“物”变成了符号和信息,文化成为能指的狂欢,资本成为财富,而货币成为资本市场上丧失所指的符号,资本市场的泡沫由此形成,“物”本身则沉沦了,在资本主义社会的知识体系里义无反顾地沉沦了,在这个意义上,卢卡奇是对的,他指出了资产阶级思想无法克服自身的二律背反。资本的形成要达到它的抽象永恒的统治性,就必须抽出现实物质性,遮蔽它的来源。但是,所有的商品都无法消除它的“物”身,就像所有的“人”都无法消除自己的肉身一样, ——正是这个肉身要求存在的权利。遍布全球的白色污染的塑料袋都是以商品的符码出现的,却并不随着商品的消费而消失,就像人被作为无利可图的“物”而被资本排斥,但是这些“物”却要求存在的权利。当主体被封闭在符码体系里的时候,它就成了没有物质和肉身的主体,这意味这对主体的取消和灭绝,——人的灭绝,对于工人阶级来说,它就是失业,是作为“物”的存在的人不能转化为商品的逻辑结果,资本离弃工人,就像资本离弃一座挖空的矿山一样。资本定义了物的存在的意义,凡是不能转换为商品的物都失去了它的存在价值,被置于历史的黑暗中。资本离弃的地方,“物”只能以工业文明的垃圾场的形式而存在。社会层面的异化如果不是以自然(物质)层面的异化为前提,其实是不可想象的。当商品被看成是在资本魔力下的自动涌现,劳动者不再是生产力,科学与技术成了生产力,——但是生产力的物质对象却隐而不障,它掩盖的是这样一个简单的事实:资本主义从地下魔术般地唤起的财富,不过是自然资源的转换,财富依然是物质的,货币本身并不能创造财富。商品的洪流是以物/人的异化为代价的,消费社会是以预支未来为代价的,那就是自然界的物的极限,不可再生的能源的极限。而人是否只有在被当作物化的对象,作为“物”的阶级意识才能够形成?从土地、水到空气的全方位的环境污染和生态危机,以及各种意义上的工人运动和社会运动,恰恰要求证明的是世界和社会作为物质客体的主体性。
    
     物质客体的存在将最终否决新自由主义的历史叙述,那就是:人类的历史只剩下资本的生产与再生产的历史,即市场扩张的历史,意识形态已经终结于资本的自我增值的过程中。历史的终结只有当它是抽走了物质性的时候,才是可能的。然而,不是别的,正是被物化的自然/人要求打破被资本垄断的历史叙述,被物化的历史客体自身将决定历史的真理。马克思用抽象劳动时间作为价值的尺度,其实为资本在意识形态上的非物质化过程开启了后门,正是在这个过程中,资本极力掩盖和逃脱它对作为人的劳动者和作为物的自然资源的掠夺,正如阿多诺所说:所有的物化都是一种忘却,现在应该是唤回物质的主体性作为历史的主体性在辩证法中的地位的时候了。在这个意义上,我们其实仍然置身于马克思唯物主义的历史辩证法的理论视野中,——在劳动价值论上的出走正是为了在人/自然的异化理论里与马克思重新相遇。世界是物质的,资本是物质的转换,是自然的转换,也是自然的被剥夺和被异化,在这个过程中,工人阶级乃至整个人类都是物化世界的对象。
    
     在这个意义上,我们需要重新理解工人阶级及其命运,物化意识就是工人阶级的意识,但是这个意识将获得前所未有的广泛联系,它不是一种界限和区分,相反它是一种联系,与失去土地的农民的联系,与抗议WTO在坎昆愤而自杀的韩国破产农场主的联系,与黑人民权运动的联系,与形形色色环境保护运动的联系。只有在最广泛的现实联系的基础上,历史的总体的辩证法的力量才有可能出现,工人阶级的主体性才能够被辨认和重建。在这个意义上,《铁西区》体现的不仅仅是中国工人的历史和阶级意识,也是作为第三世界的社会主义国家的历史和自我意识,——这一过程本身就是内在于人类的历史中。
    
     在当代中国,工人阶级作为社会主义国家的主人公,其主体意识已经被指认出虚假的意识形态性质,在官方意识形态中一直居于正统地位的劳动价值论成为市场社会主义理论中无法逾越的困境,工人阶级被解符码化了,在市场经济条件下,失业的工人已经无法被国家赋予的主体性意识形态所召唤。工人阶级正在丧失了它的主体性而沦为物化世界的一部分,因此恰恰是工人阶级的肉体,——他们的客体存在要求获得主体的意义,作为客体存在的肉体必须是先在的,因此肉体就成为以客体形式出现的主体,这个作为客体的主体正在强烈地申求着它在现实世界中的合法性,而合法性只能是在主体意识形态获得重建的时候。那么,当代中国工人阶级的主体意识形态该获得怎样的重建呢?否定的辩证法是否意味着只有当工人阶级重新成为客体的时候,我们才拥有返回主体的可能?
    
     其实,当代中国工人阶级主体性的黄昏与中国农民阶级主体性的丧失,是这个世界物化的不同表现。资本对农民的剥夺,在马克思主义的理论中遭到道义的谴责,却被赋予了历史辩证法的正义,因此资本对农民的剥夺,以及农民对资本的反抗都无法被吸纳到现代性的马克思主义历史叙述中。经典马克思主义中对传统农民主体性的否决,可以被视为当代工人阶级主体性失落的前提。农民主体性在现代性理论中的丧失,是因为资本需要以排斥传统的农业生产方式为自我发展的前提,这是现代性理论被压抑的潜意识,也是今天的现代性理论批判特别需要反思的重大问题。工人阶级由于与资本的结合而被赋予的主体意识,随着资本把汲取财富的龙头直接转移到对自然资源和自然力的垄断和开发,工人阶级的主体性便丧失了它的物质基础,资本对雇佣工人的排斥与它对传统农民的排斥是出于同样的逻辑。因此,必须把工人阶级和农民阶级的命运放在一个共同的历史空间中去对待,这在当代中国已经是迫切的现实问题。中国工人阶级的再度无产阶级化,和日益暴露在世界市场上的破产农民,以及数亿被迫离开土地在中国大地上流动的民工,他们的命运前所未有地历史地交汇到了一起。被资本所物化和排斥成为中国的工人和农民在今天的共同命运,因此,工人阶级并没有可能获得独立的解放,工人阶级主体性的重建只能以农民阶级的主体性的获得为前提,这正是1949年以来中国计划经济的社会主义现代化实践的失败所告诉我们的。
    
    
     第二部 《艳粉街》/废墟 (Remnants)
    
     “在废墟中,历史物质地融入了背景之中。在这种伪装之下,历史呈现的与其说是永久生命进程的形式,毋宁说是不可抗拒的衰落的形式。寓言据此宣称它自身对美的超越。寓言在思想领域里就如同物质领域里的废墟。”
    
     ——本雅明《德国悲剧的起源》

    
    
     《艳粉街》是《铁西区》的第二部。艳粉街的名字由来于一个传说:一个有钱的大户人家的丫环死后葬在了此地,所以这里就被叫做丫环坟,后来改名为艳粉街,——一个很容易让人联想是女性出卖肉体的地方,它与社会地位低下的女性之间的想象已经决定了这里社会边缘人的地位。三十年代至五十年代之间,这里居住的大部分人都是从关里来为日本人的工厂做工的工人,七十年代末至八十年代初,从农村回到城里工作的部分知青在此安家,现在艳粉街绝大部分居民为铁西区各工厂的工人。我们在电影里看到,那都是一些低矮、破败、简陋如窝棚般的建筑,里面有病了的母亲、疲惫而失落的父亲、年迈了的祖母和无法在狭小空间里安顿自己的不安分的孩子们。
    
     与这些衰败的房子形成对比的正是这群十七、十八岁的少男少女,他们的青春、爱情、欲望、欢笑、嘻闹成为这个晦暗背景中的一抹亮色,仿佛是每天升腾在屋顶上的云彩。虽然他们无所事事地整天在堆满积雪与垃圾的社区里游荡,但他们的出现还是为这个沉沦中的街区带来对生命活力的希冀,他们代表着这个街区最有生命活力的群体,这构成《艳粉街》上半部分的主要内容。导演仔细地观察这些在最敏感年龄里的孩子们对生活现实的理解和表达,——“我和他们在一起,也使我不断地在思考我自己过去的生活”,看着那些孩子整天在街上走,他们的青春在怎样的状态下消失,他们的未来会是什么样子?这其实是既可以预计,又无法预计的。然而他们的愿望,他们用自己的本能和天性对那些美好事物的朦胧意识与追寻,其实是导演寄托希望的所在:人总是要去追寻他生命中的东西。但是,对于《铁西区》来说,这并不意味着一种轻易的托交,王兵不得不追问的是,这些希望到底是否靠得住?青春和希望是很容易像朝露一样地逝去的,特别是以物质的贫瘠和精神的贫瘠为底色,在人的命运被一种巨大的异己的力量所左右的时候。片中有两个大男孩在一起讨论他们以后可以干什幺:
    
     ——我也不知道,干啥你问我干啥去,我不知道干啥去。
    
     ——一点理想都没有,跟我一样啊。
    
     ——妈你那个逼样说我干啥呀!
    
     ——跟我一个逼样啊,一点理想都没有。
    
     ——啥理想啊……
    
     ——操你妈!
    
     ——是啥理想啊?
    
     ——啥理想啊,啥理想啊!
    
     ——我这不是跟你聊天吗?
    
     ——当饭吃啊?
    
     ——啥理想啊。
    
     这个男孩子一边说他一点理想都没有,一边露出了在王兵看来“特别迷人”的笑容,这笑容鲜花一样盛开在一个虚无的未来中,构成了一种奇异的悖论,----它命运般笼罩在这些少男少女的身上。一个本来在这群男孩中最受宠的女孩,因为和男朋友闹矛盾,被所有的男孩子们离弃了,王兵拍了一个长长的镜头,她一个人站在那里,其他的人都走了,——王兵突然就觉得,青春的东西已经消失,好多东西都消失了,再也没有了。《艳粉街》的结束部分正好也是整个影片最后一次的拍摄,在厚厚的积雪的街道上,大部分的房屋已经被拆成了废墟,昏暗的路灯,一个大男孩从屋里走出来,茫然地眺望着这片曾经熟悉的荒漠,它寂静无声。
    
     《艳粉街》的英文名字被翻译为“废墟” (Remnants),影片的后半部分表现的就是这条街的死亡,它是怎么从一个工人们日常生活的领域成为被拆迁的废墟。拆迁是为了招商引资,全中国大大小小的城镇都在实施拆迁,这是当代中国的醒目景观。旧的拆掉了,新的在哪里呢?对于铁西区的工人们来说,拆迁意味着从公共生活到日常生活的全面解体。生活变得无处着落,因为失去了全部的物质寄托。工人阶级被拆散了,被无法掌控的力量发配到彼此不知道的地方去了。工人阶级主体性的丧失表现为自我意识的失语,过去所熟悉的生活分崩离析了,日常生活领域无法抗争地沦陷与失落了。在物质的巨大废墟上,是工人阶级无言的精神的废墟,它的荒凉犹如烟花后的天空,记忆中的繁华如落在雪地上的爆竹的碎片,使得无边的黑夜和虚空变得触目而惊心。
    
     其实,铁西区的工业化最早见证的并不是中国的社会主义,而是日本以军国主义出现的扩张与侵略的资本主义。正是由于它在亚洲特殊的地缘政治,使得它成为新中国苏联援助的社会主义工业基地,从战败的法西斯德国没收的机器成为新中国工业化的开始。世界历史的风云际会使得铁西区成为人类二十世纪“热”战与冷战的见证,也是社会主义与资本主义激烈交锋的锋面:它以工业化为历史的战场。东北,从大清帝国皇家命脉的风水宝地,到抗日联军浴血奋战的白山黑水的战场;从新中国第一代钢铁工人与石油工人的诞生,到志愿军抗美援朝雄赳赳气昂昂保家卫国跨过鸭绿江,它硝烟弥漫,血迹犹在, 一幕幕历史的悲喜剧在这里被书写,——纪录片《铁西区》是离我们最近的一幕,由于动迁的缘故,近年来铁西区仍不时有大批日本人遗留的锈迹斑斑的炮弹和被怀疑为军队医院的地下建筑被发现。《铁西区》因为迭印了所有这些历史的沧桑印迹而使我们动容。
    
     是工业优先于农业的现代化诉求,更是反抗资本主义掠夺的全球霸权,决定了第三世界社会主义国家的工人阶级与西方不同的历史与阶级意识。六十年代中国工人阶级的代表是铁人王进喜,一位贫苦农民的儿子,新中国第一代钻井工人,铁人精神表现为“为国分忧,为民族争气”。中国现代化工业发展首先需要解决的就是能源和钢铁,这是现代工业的第一要义,因此石油工人和钢铁工人是中国工人阶级的光辉典范,这就不是偶然的了。为国家炼油炼钢的“主人翁” 精神成为对工人阶级主体性的构建,它表明中国工人阶级主体性的获得是与国家民族工业的实现联系在一起的,是共同在第三世界社会主义民族国家的框架中实现的。因此当代中国工人阶级对毛泽东时代的怀念,绝不意味着对专制的怀念,而毋宁是对以第三世界被压迫者的民族主义精神反抗西方资本主义霸权的主体意识的呼唤,正是在这样的主体意识中,中国工人阶级获得了自己的国家和在国家建设中的历史主动性。被压迫者的当家作主的感觉一旦获得,它就永远不会也不应该被忘记,——这正是今天的社会主义无法被抹杀的重要遗产。
    
     中国工人阶级的命运一直内在于中国的现代化过程中。而中国对现代化的渴望是被飘洋过海的帝国主义枪炮教训出来的,因此以洋务运动为代表的早期现代化首先是建立在对军事工业现代化的诉求上,就丝毫也不奇怪了,它只是证明了一个历史的逻辑,对工业尤其是重工业的需求对于要把自己锻造成一个民族国家的中国来说,是在近代史的开端就注定的宿命。它已经先在地成为新中国重工业优先发展战略的历史动机。中国对工业化与民族国家的需求同是近代史的产物。所以,中国的现代化问题并不只是中国的马克思主义者提出的,因为鸦片战争以后,中国就已经陷入世界资本主义全球化的过程中。而在殖民地半殖民地的历史中,不管是农业还是工业,中国国民经济的现代化发展靠“自由”市场其实已经完全不可能。在三十年代中国农业和民族工业深陷危机的历史背景下,中国知识界进行了现代化和工业、农业问题的大讨论,当时的代表性观点认为,中国人要想“挺起腰来做人”,就得不避艰苦,向工业,尤其是向重工业迎头赶上去,方可把中国从根救起来。然而,自由主义者胡适清楚地看到,中国的现代化最重要的在于怎样建设一个站得住的中国,使她在这个现代世界里可以占一个安全平等的地位,因为无论是工业现代化还是农业现代化在没有主权的国度里都无法实现。由此我们才能理解毛泽东站在天安门城楼上的宣言会如此响亮:“中国人民从此站起来了”!人民的概念本来就只有在现代民族国家的框架里才是可以成立的。
    
     犹如铁西区的历史曾深刻地打着苏联的烙印,中国的革命和社会主义建设离不开与苏联的关系。新中国与苏联的历史有着没有被足够重视的相似,那就是他们都是由农民革命所推动,同时又建立在对农民的剥夺上。无论是俄国的十月革命,还是中国的民主主义革命,都是旧时代和它的子民们不堪忍受资本主义的原始积累而反抗的革命,是农民革命,——中国的工人阶级都是农民的儿子。而相反,凡是工人阶级力量强大的发达资本主义国家,社会主义革命都不能发育成熟。苏联和中国的社会主义之所以能够出现,其实都是其民族资本主义失败的结果。历史并不是没有给予中国和俄国发展市场资本主义的机会,而恰恰是这种发展导致了社会的分裂,正是资本主义对农民的排斥和掠夺,产生了农民的反抗和社会危机的爆发,从而使得社会主义得以诞生,——社会主义成为另一个现代性的替代方案。而凡是民族资本主义能够取得胜利的地方,社会主义都失败了,美国之所以有工人运动却没有社会主义,正是因为它没有农民革命,没有几千年的传统农业社会与文明对资本主义的抵抗。这或许正是为什幺在西方的资产阶级革命中,最残酷的是法国大革命,它其实是被工业革命和政治革命后的英国所推倒的,——世界革命的多米诺骨牌由此开始。在这个欧洲大陆传统农业最强大和最富裕的绝对主义国家里,80%以上是农民,这绝对不是一个应该被忽略的问题。因此,法国大革命与现代性的关系,依然是今天需要探讨的复杂而重要的问题,它的历史意义远远没有被穷尽。沃勒斯坦在《自由主义之后》中认为法国大革命中自由主义和社会主义之间有着密切的关系,社会主义不过是激进的自由主义。现在看来,法国大革命和俄国十月革命应该是一个值得比较的课题。不是马克思所期望和设想的最发达资本主义国家的工人阶级起来推翻资本主义社会,不是资本主义占统治地位条件下的反资本主义革命,而是资本主义在它所确立的过程中所激发出的旧世界的反抗,恰恰是这种革命运用了社会主义的旗帜并获得成功,人类历史上迄今为止的社会主义国家的建立,其实都不是工人阶级和工人运动的结果,而是农民革命的结果。在因此诞生的社会主义国家中,工人阶级的主体性既是被马克思的历史辩证法所赋予的,也是被现代性的历史动机所赋予的,工人阶级意识形态的优越却以农民阶级的被剥夺为前提和代价的,推动革命走向胜利的农民却成为被剥削的对象,这是怎样的历史悖论!民族国家的历史使命是用国家的力量发展资本和现代化,因此,现代化和工业化以对农民、农业的掠夺和剥削来完成资本的原始积累,无论是资本主义的英国还是社会主义的中国、苏联,都是同一个历史动机的不同演绎。
    
     由于新中国要在一个资本短缺的国家发展资本密集的重工业,无法依靠市场来完成,它产生了以国家资本的形式对农民、农业的过度汲取,造成城市与乡村、工业与农业的日益深刻的分裂,——这依然是今天中国社会最严重的危机。但是它并不只是社会主义的危机,而是近代以来中国在全球化格局中被迫接受现代化的民族国家的逻辑结果,所以毛泽东时代努力解决却无法完成的工人与农民、城市与乡村、体力劳动与脑力劳动的“三大差别”在今天市场经济的条件下不是缩小而是扩大了,城乡二元的问题是自晚清以来中国现代性悖论的现实展开。出身农民并对底层有深刻同情的毛泽东却必须用国家暴力来建立城乡对立的体制结构,来保证国家的汲取以实现民族国家的工业化发展,同时又不断地用社会意识形态动员的形式希望消灭三大差别。毛泽东的悲剧和中国社会主义实践的悲剧是植根于全球化与现代化的历史与问题之中的,而不能仅仅在中国社会主义内部来理解。毛泽东的社会主义道路其实是中国版本和社会主义版本的原始积累与“工业革命”,对于中国的工人阶级来说,他们主体性的获得与失落都与此相关。其实,八十年代以来的改革开发只是用另一种国家设计:市场经济,去继续完成这个追赶现代化进程。为发展现代化而建立的新中国,其政权的合法性必须建立在现代化的发展之上,这是民族国家一旦建立就无法违抗的天命,是五十多年来新中国建立的目的与合法性的基础。毛泽东时代的“大跃进”和今天的加速发展现代化,体现的是同样的历史逻辑。今天的中国引进外资和工业化指标成为对地方官员政绩的考察,这导致统计数字泡沫化的重演,这是同样的“大跃进”在不同历史时期的表现。然而,中国的现代性悖论已经再一次出现在我们面前,这就是以“民工潮 ”现象和工人抗议活动为表现的社会危机。今天中国工人阶级在市场经济中的命运悲剧,是以社会主义形式出现的现代性悲剧的体现。历史的悖论在于,当社会主义民族国家的“工业革命”以计划经济的形式完成之后,工人阶级的主体性却分崩离析了。工人阶级不再是创造价值的主体,他们成了被资本放逐的对象,资本主义市场经济时代降临了。但是,正如很多研究者所指出的,没有毛泽东计划经济时代三十年的高强度积累,就不可能有邓小平改革开放实现市场经济的物质条件。在这个高强度积累的背后,是中国最广大的工人和农民为国家的“现代化”所付出的极大代价。在市场经济的条件下,这个代价不但没有被抵付,反而被抹杀了,“现代化”成了外在于他们的异己的力量。
    
     今天,中国东北工业的衰落意味着社会主义计划经济为民族国家承担自我锻造的历史使命已经结束,一个时代结束了。铁西区,这个艰难而痛苦地承载了第三世界社会主义民族国家重工业发展历史过程的地方,这个在今天的中国被改革开放的市场话语叙述所压抑的工人阶级的历史,因为这部叫做《铁西区》的纪录片而被照亮,并灼痛了我们的记忆。
    
     王兵在拍他的纪录片的时候,一直在想的问题是:我们为什么会造这么大的工厂,为什么它会成为一个时代的理想?为什么整个国家,在那个时期,牺牲个体的一切其它东西为它服务。为什么我们想创造一个世界,但最终这个世界还是崩溃了?
    
     《铁西区》的确让我们无法逃避地置身于这些历史的拷问中。
    
    
    
    
     第三部 《铁路》
    
    
     “铁路的路堑、桥梁和车站,已形成了公共建筑群,相比之下,埃及的金字塔、古罗马的引水渠,甚至中国的长城也显得黯然失色,流于一种乡土气。铁路是人类经由技术而取得巨大胜利的标志。”
    
    
     ——霍布斯鲍姆《革命的年代》
    
    
     铁路由于煤矿业而被发明以来,就与启蒙主义对人类历史进步的信仰并不奇怪地结合在了一起,火车成为历史和人类命运的象征。由此,传统社会对世界和时间的理解发生了根本转变,农业文明对谷物的出生与死亡的理解而获得的对生命/时间的循环的信仰开始消融,农业文明的社会沉沦了。工业文明的时代和火车的汽笛、蒸汽机的白雾一起出场,它对人类的震撼前所未有。而历史成为火车钢铁身躯底下钢筋水泥的铁路轨道,冰冷而闪亮地向无穷的远方延伸,客体存在以钢铁的形式与力量出现,顺之者昌,逆之者亡,历史成为不依赖于人的世界动力,它以对地球和宇宙空间的征服来开展自身。
    
     本雅明在《德国悲剧的起源》中说道,对于“这个不惜一切代价接近自然奥秘的资源的时代”来说,“古希腊的时间之神和古罗马农作物的精神”已经变成了死亡收割者,他手中的镰刀不再争对谷黍,而是针对人类,“正如控制时间流程的已不再是每年一次的播种、收获和冬季休耕的循环,而是生命向死亡的无法挽回的迈进。” 本来,“历史就好比种子撒在大地上”,但是现在,“在哭泣声中我们把种子撒在歇耕的土地上,伤心地我们从那里走开。”历史之旅成为没有复活的物质的死亡之旅,无灵魂的物质性成为历史的归宿,它的尽头是黑暗的虚无的深渊。然而,哑言的造物者希望通过所意指的东西得到救赎,这就是本雅明阐释“寓言”的意义。寓言是自然与历史的结合,在诸神的世界消失的时候,能够保存这个世界的恰恰是寓言,寓言就是废墟,它发生在历史衰落的时代,当客体从寓言的结构中向外凝视时,它是以不完整和不完善的碎片的形式显现的,——废墟的形式,寓言所指涉的细节和碎片是在有意建构的废墟中安顿下来的认识客体。本雅明是以寓言的方式重新叙述了现代性的历史。
    
     《铁西区》正是以它巨大的废墟的意象,忠实地体现了本雅明意义上的寓言的存在。这种惊人的契合,使我们对艺术在这个世界中的存在及其意义有了新的信任和领悟。我曾在自己的书中讨论了中国八十年代中后期以来纪录影像的崛起,并在导言中把它命名为:在乌托邦的废墟上——新纪录运动在中国。在一个巨大转型的社会和时代中,作为运动出现的纪录影像的意义在于:它承载了历史巨轮下的人的痛苦和置身其中的我们对意义的追寻,它以自己的力量试图暴露和揭示历史的压迫和剥削,在历史的铁的逻辑中,努力为作为“人”的生存诉求和情感诉求找寻安置的所在,——艺术以此确立自己与时代、社会的关系,并在此基础上成为对历史逻辑进行质疑的力量:人类自我救赎的力量。
    
     《铁西区》里安排了各种类型的空间和各种类型的人,导演先在地考虑到这些类型的叙事性与隐喻性。他通过工厂、艳粉街和火车这三个大的关系,来结构整个影片,这三个空间互相矫正,形成影片的稳定和客观。正是在《铁西区》中所呈现的物化世界的各种具像,对物的反复论证,客体性的压抑,物对主体性的否定与取消,工人阶级自身的客体化,人与物的对比,钢铁与肉体的对比,——这些历史的客体(自然)化和客体(自然)的历史化,以巨大的废墟的意象揭示出这个世界的物质性的沉沦,人的沉沦,灵性的消失,以及这个时代的衰落。物质自身的重量压倒了一切:人及其心灵。它具有一种陌生和震惊的效果,没有任何廉价的和没有被论证的乐观。《铁西区》在叙述上不屈从于任何试图吸引观众的诱惑,也拒绝了任何轻佻和轻易的接近,导演对影片长达九个小时里的每一个镜头,都有着严格的控制,是非常理性和清醒的把握,它直接指向对现实和内心的诚实。影片的长度有它自己的合理性。作品本身有它自己的生命节律。王兵说:我非常希望能肯定生命的价值,但是在现实面前,我却变得非常无力,对生活越来越怀疑,——他把怀疑变成了强有力的影像力量。在一年半的拍摄过程中,他始终希望保持一种冷静与清晰的思维,以此去观察和思考这个社会的现实问题。当很多事情在拍摄过程中雪崩般不断发生时,王兵深受触动,他觉得在以前的生活中并没有认真地思考这一切。这个触动的过程与作品同时发生。其实,无论是对于创作者还是观看者来说,《铁西区》在任何意义上都是一个艰难的过程,它也是作为纪录片的《铁西区》的宿命。王兵认为,对于一个作品来说,谁做的其实并不重要,重要的是当别人看到它的时候,觉得它有意义:和他自己的生命、生活有关系,那幺他就会用心去关注,——而导演只是借了这个心灵之光,才会被照亮的。作品有它自己的命运。
    
     《铁路》是三部曲中的最后一部,铁路与火车也是整个影片的重要意象,影片由它开始,也由它结束。但是这里的火车,业已丧失掉三十年代西方工业化时代先锋派与未来派在他们的纪录片中对煤矿、钢铁、机械、工业的乐观与赞美的历史意蕴,——那是一个新时代的开始,就如英国的葛里尔逊在《工业化的英国》,德国的罗特曼在《伯林,大都会交响曲》,苏联的维尔托夫在《热情——斯巴顿交响曲》中所歌颂的那样。《伯林,大都会交响曲》也是由火车开始的,火车在清晨穿过空旷的乡村的田野,在铁路两边跳动的电话线和铁轨不断分叉与合拢的运动中,生气勃勃地进入到因此而苏醒的城市和工业区,——这是一种对历史进程胜利的庆典,各种机器缓缓开始发动,机械手越来越快地自发弹跳,仿佛被施了魔法。我在看《铁西曲》的时候,不断地联想到这部不同时代的伟大作品:它们处在不同的历史位置,一个是时代的上升,一个是时代的衰落,却属于一个共同的历史命运。在《铁西区》中,火车始终缓慢而阴郁地穿行在破败的工厂所构成的废墟的意象中,周而复始,铁路本身成了锈迹斑斑的过去历史的回忆。工厂停工了,火车依然在废墟的内部穿行,——一个空旷而荒诞的空间,铁路本身已经是废墟的一个部分,是废墟的死魂灵,在冰雪覆盖的寒冷、枯燥而衰败的土地上,在已经死亡的工厂的废墟中,火车的运行不再是人类胜利进发的标志,却是历史和人类衰落的形式,以及对这种衰落进行悲悼的仪式。在本雅明看来,对救赎的需要正是当历史化为物质的废墟的时候,。
    
     在这样的历史的黄昏和暗夜,我们该如何来肯定自己的生命?真正的生活应该是什么样子?我们怎么去预见我们自己?《铁路》借助了一群在铁西区火车上谋生者的生存状态来进行追问。他们终日在毫无变化而又荒诞的工厂区的火车上,每个人在现实的生活中都有困惑和无法跨越的无形界限,在一个既定的、狭窄的体系里,徒劳地寻找生活的乐趣,寻找变化,寻找能让时间变得有意义的东西,——他们不知道怎幺样去跳出这样的处境,既被这种处境所限制,又依赖于它。无论是否愿意,其实这个国家里的每个人都在不断地承受和体验这样的命运过程,个体的命运在国家的大的命运中挣扎,而这个被巨大的锈蚀了的钢铁与物质的空间所隐喻的国家,它的繁荣和衰落也是在一个无法控制的力量中。但正是在个体的挣扎中,有生命本身的力量。王兵认为,如果通过这样的命运能认识自我,认识事物的话,那么,他虽然在这个命运当中,但对一个个体来说,他是觉醒的。觉醒是被救赎的前提。
    
     与《铁西区》的前两部相比,《铁路》有一个引人瞩目的不同:作为个体的人在昏暗的背景中被照亮了,个体被赋予了最细腻的拍摄。杜锡云和杜阳是一对以火车为生的父子,然而,他们并不是铁路上的正式职工,而是游离于社会体制外的个体。在中国很多地方,都有这样一些人,他们没有户籍,没有固定的住所,但每个人都在用自己的方式生存。这都是一些生活在主流历史之外的边缘人,却寄生在历史中,依靠对体制的阿谀、背叛、剽窃、威胁,在体制的缝隙中寻求脆弱的生存空间。瞎了一只眼睛的老杜和他的儿子,靠每天帮铁路上的人打杂,拣或者偷火车上的煤卖掉,来寻求生活来源。他们与体制、与铁路、与那些正式职工是相互依存、利用和对立的关系,也是很不稳定的飘离的关系。
    
     父亲一无所有,却被艰难困苦的生活锤炼得坚强而猾黠,对周围的社会和生活有自己的理解和判断,并且努力维持着自己和孩子在颠簸变化的生活漩涡里的生存空间。而面容忧郁、沉默寡言的十七岁的儿子,因为母亲在他很小的时候就离家出走,在非正常的环境里成长,内心非常脆弱,和外部世界的接触障碍重重。
    
     一次,父亲因为偷煤被抓到拘留所里关押了。独自留在破屋中的儿子从墙角悉悉嗦嗦翻出一个包了两层的塑料袋,慢慢打开,却是一迭照片,最上面是一张包括母亲在内的全家福,再一张是年轻的母亲斜靠在草垛上,从装扮上看似乎从农村进入城市不久,她微笑而温和地看着世界。这时,忽然,音乐般的钟声响了起来,在这样的黑夜和重负下,钟声仿佛来自天堂,它扣人心弦,一直敲了十一下,——镜头从照片缓缓地摇到墙上的挂钟,再摇回来,儿子已经泪流满面,泪水透亮地挂在伤恸的肮脏的脸上,——这张孤儿的脸在刹那间被彼岸的光所照亮。
    
     在这个冰冷的物质的世界里,当温热的泪水滴落在卑微的人生中,我们终于被来自内心深处的悲悯所打动。在整个《铁西区》严密、冷静和理性的叙述中,这个场景仿佛是一道被划开的伤口,暴露出了它背后导演情感复杂的内心世界。正是个体在巨大的物质世界中的渺小与无力,使得王兵去发现并珍视作为个体的人对情感的强烈需求与肯定,那是生命本身的力量——然而,这是通往救赎的路吗?
    
     影片结束的时候,火车依然穿行在灰色调的大雪中的厂区,如同在历史的白夜中,破落苍凉的建筑物梦幻一般地展开和后退,渐行渐远,——从工厂中延伸出来的铁轨,联系着我们和摄影机所在的地方。这时,雪几乎是温柔地悄然飘来,一点一点无声地落在摄影机的镜头上,落在观众的眼睛里,融化在天地一片苍茫中。雪花所唤起的被压抑的纯洁与感性给影片抹上了最后的伤感的调子,——灰色调,那是光明与黑暗之间的色调。天空和大地已经暗淡下来了,那是历史尚未明朗之前的暧昧,在这暧昧之中,火车上的我们会进入怎样的未来呢?
    
    
    
     2003年10月,上海。
    
     
    
转引自文化研究网http://www.culstudies.com

- 作者: mushi 2005年06月28日, 星期二 00:36  回复(2) |  引用(0) 加入博采

艳粉街
似乎已经很久没有写博客了,不只是因为懒惰,而是少了些写的情绪。写作是一种状态,并非像自来水那样流畅。
今天看了一部纪录片《铁西区》的一部分《艳粉街》。这是一部九个小时的纪录片。当初在北师大首映的时候错过了(当时的原因也许是天真的认为在中国该有很多铁西区),也就成了遗憾,并多了些神秘。常常会和朋友谈起,想象着片中可能的事件种种。
我是沈阳人,对此片关注很自然,但是,在今天之前,我并没有意识到影片真正的价值。
虽然,我在上大学之前一直都生长在这个城市,但我却很少去铁西区。两岁的时候去过,妈妈的工厂。上中学的时候去过,同学家。第一次,不记事,只记得有很好吃的烤鱼片。而以后的印象就是,衰败,污染还有说不出来的不安全感。但是,铁西区是沈阳的重要的一个部分,没有她,或许就不会有沈阳。而艳粉街的印象更是遥远与模糊,只知道她是某路公共汽车的终点,以前送女朋友回家,她坐的那路车。
艾敬的fans都知道艳粉街吧,在她的笔下,破败幻化成浪漫,贫困被赋予诗意。包装是虚伪的皮,掩饰的只是虚荣。现实是最美的东西,感谢导演王兵,将这个状态纪录下来。
沈阳是不幸的,她的工人们也是不幸的。《铁西区》教育了无知的我们。那又能怎样呢?
在网上找到了一篇文章,写得很好,转载到这里,与大家分享。同时呢,也希望各位能够看看这部优秀的纪录片,然后到沈阳来看看。我从来不会在意人们是如何评价沈阳这个城市的,因为任何的片断都不足以叙述完整,因为她太复杂了。

- 作者: mushi 2005年06月28日, 星期二 00:35  回复(0) |  引用(0) 加入博采

选择
选择的过程是面对诱惑(困惑)的过程,或者说,是一种状态。
选择的结果是思考的结果。它应该具有广泛性并且找出隐藏在现象表面之后的种种可能。
而选择本身是极为通过而艰难。连续三天和四个不同的好朋友的聊天,加速了这种思考,谢谢你们,你们都很有想法。
选择实际上等同于放弃,这总要很大的勇气。而当我,有了承担选择的勇气的时候,我觉得轻松,我为自己高兴。

What should i do now ?  Just do it !

- 作者: mushi 2005年05月2日, 星期一 12:34  回复(0) |  引用(0) 加入博采

MIMA
五月的第一天,北京的阳光很毒。
在非常建筑的隔壁,左右间咖啡的院子里,和鲁滨兄聊天却是异常的清爽。
铺满碎石的院,投射在桌面上的树影斑驳,以及随着风飘散过来的音乐。
聊建筑,聊哲学,聊米国的教育。从福柯,德勒兹到diagram,blob,从中国建筑的状态到知识分子的责任,从赫尔佐格到伊东丰雄,从老张,Nomad的后现代式的读书方法到似曾神秘的"New International Style",..... 。
在成长的过程中,以此记录这样美好并且丰富的一个下午。

- 作者: mushi 2005年05月2日, 星期一 12:05  回复(0) |  引用(0) 加入博采

PAUSE
难得这个周末由自己支配。两个月里,变换于不同的时空,扮演着不同的角色。散碎的片断难以拼贴完整的回忆。
回答livingfish ,关于update。
我可以找来种种借口用来搪塞自己的懒惰。但我最后只是选择了一个简单并且堂皇的字 — 忙。
这个字复杂而模糊,它试图消解潜藏在我内心的真实,很危险。
这只是一种机械的状态,并不足以说明什么。但它却使我日益空虚,也许,这才是回答你也是回答我的最好答案。
若有所得,若有所失。
这两个月里,经历了太多的事件,和不同的人相遇。我并非如同行尸走肉一般,但,心里是空的,脑袋是空的,钱包也是空的。
有些事,想不明白是迷茫,想明白了却是痛苦。极度的痛苦成了填充空虚的唯一内容。
好朋友们即将新的未来,祝福你们,你们都很出色,是我的榜样。
Mr.Zhou,Mr.Guo,Miss Lee,Miss Shang  都考上了好学校。
Miss Luo,Mr. Ma,Mr.Liu,Miss Gao 都有令人羡慕的工作。
而我呢 ?
社会的残酷远远不止象牙塔里想象的简单。欲望构成了凡尘。或许,天真是一种罪。别去指望依靠任何人,要知道,势利并不是贬义词。
这些文字让人觉得压抑了吧,我还是积极而乐观的。我有我自己不容易看到的优点。成长是一个漫长复杂的过程,而失败又何惧呢?整理思绪,振奋精神,继续。
我始终在努力,要相信自己。嗯。
 

- 作者: archiyang 2005年04月17日, 星期日 15:03  回复(2) |  引用(0) 加入博采

出门
我要记下触动我的那个瞬间,证明我不是麻木的。
感谢卡夫卡和尹吾。

我吩咐把我的马儿从马棚里牵出来。
仆人没有听懂我的话,我便自己走进马棚,给马备好鞍,骑了上去。
远处传来了号角声,我问他,这是什么意思。
他说不知道,他什么也没听到,什么也没听到。
在大门口,他叫住我,问:"您骑马到哪儿去呢,我的主人?"
"我不知道,"我说,"我只是离开这儿,离开这儿。离开这儿向前走,向前走,这就是我达到目标的唯一办法。"
"那么您知道您的目标了?"他问。
"是的"我回答,"我刚刚告诉你了,离开这儿,离开这儿,这就是我的目标。"
"您还没带上口粮呢,"他说。
"什么口粮我也不要"我说,"旅途是那么的漫长啊,如果一路上我得不到东西,那我一定会,死的。"
"什么口粮也不能搭救我。幸运的是,这可是一次,真正没有尽头的旅程。"

- 作者: archiyang 2005年04月17日, 星期日 14:56  回复(0) |  引用(0) 加入博采

Forever 951
Design For My  NEYC 951 ,For My Ten Years .

 


- 作者: archiyang 2005年03月22日, 星期二 11:32  回复(2) |  引用(0) 加入博采

What AM I Doing ?

March 2005 ,TianJin
我的玉照。
Mr.Yang said  that it seems like peeing .    FT...

- 作者: archiyang 2005年03月22日, 星期二 10:29  回复(2) |  引用(0) 加入博采

我确信春天已经到来。温暖的阳光和风,是一个放风筝的好天气。世界是金色的。
我们总会以不同的方式感受春天的到来,正如去年,我坐在乾清门前的广场上慵懒地晒着太阳。
总是喜欢拿周围的人做为自己可鉴的对象。也许,这种比较是有意义的,在某个程度。如今却悲观起来,发现自己至今竟然还不认识自己。
诗意的写作与浪漫的营造之间究竟有多少相似,尽管这种比拟不够严谨,但我还是相信她们的感觉是相似甚至相同的。
生活不是乌托邦,但是生活需要乌托邦。
今天去买裤子的时候,发现原来的尺寸已经不适合了,嘻嘻。

- 作者: archiyang 2005年02月27日, 星期日 18:13  回复(2) |  引用(0) 加入博采

MOTTO of LOVE

 

Read Each One Carefully and Think About It a Second or Two

1. I love you not because of who you are, but
because of who I am when I am with you.
2. No man or woman is worth your tears, and the
one who is, won't make you cry.
3. Just because someone doesn't love you the way
you want them to, doesn't mean they don't love
you with all they have.
4. A true friend is someone who reaches for your
hand and touches your heart.
5. The worst way to miss someone is to be sitting
right beside them knowing you can't have them.
6. Never frown, even when you are sad, because you
never know who is falling in love with your smile.
7. To the world you may be one person, but to one
person you may be the world.
8. Don't waste your time on a man/woman, who isn't
willing to waste their time on you.
9. Maybe God wants us to meet a few wrong people
before meeting the right one, so that when we finally
meet the person, we will know how to be grateful.
10. Don't cry because it is over, smile because it
happened.
11. There's always going to be people that hurt
you so what you have to do is keep on trusting and
just be more careful about who you trust next time
around.
12. Make yourself a better person and know who you
are before you try and know someone else and expect
them to know you.
13. Don't try so hard, the best things come when
you least expect them to.

- 作者: archiyang 2005年02月21日, 星期一 16:06  回复(1) |  引用(0) 加入博采

GAME NEVER OVER
终于坚持住,画完了,八小时。
it's over ,however,something begins.

- 作者: archiyang 2005年01月24日, 星期一 17:53  回复(2) |  引用(0) 加入博采

21 works of Giuseppe Terragni
First of all ,it is a beginning of my study on Terragni .
WHO  IS  TERRAGNI ?
Giuseppe Terragni was a great architect in the 20th century , however ,had been neglected in china for a long time .
Maybe it refers to his Fascisms ,but i think there 's nothing to do with the ideology when we study .
Terragni is a genius who have designed a great many houses through his 39 years life .
He was also one of the founding members of "Gruppo 7".
We should study his works and his ideas .
My work will last several weeks or months next term  ,and i'll put my study on the blog .
Ur comments and advices are both needed , thank u for reading .

i'm so busy with the preparing for a important exam now ,so the work is so rough .
i translated the brief introduction from www.gt04.org and made a annals of his work which had been built. 
Ps: thanks to jinxiao and yeliel .
     The translation is not satisfactory since my poor english , please do me a fovor when u read it thank u :)
The annals

The translation
http://blog.blogchina.com/upload/2005-01-09/2005010915583690397.doc

- 作者: archiyang 2005年01月9日, 星期日 17:09  回复(0) |  引用(0) 加入博采

海啸
庾澄庆   海啸
两年前,我非常喜欢听这首歌。陪着我那段痛苦的时间,当时我感觉庾澄庆写这首歌就是为了我。
没想到两年后的今天,海啸真的发生了,如此恐怖,让人不知所措。

 


史无前例一场风暴
用飓风来预告
将无情侵袭孤岛
你又投入他的怀抱
我忽然感觉到
只能呼吸一秒
麻木地樵
大家在逃
生命对我已经不重要
发风浪涛
撕碎煎熬
能轰轰烈烈心碎也好
海啸我要知道
她服了什么药
怎能瞬间
将我换掉
连尸骨都让我找不到
海啸你知不知道
我对她多么好
如果爱情不能到老
你也应该给我一秒
一秒去忘掉

- 作者: archiyang 2004年12月31日, 星期五 21:49  回复(2) |  引用(0) 加入博采